What are the main functions of automotive sensors?
05 Jun,2025
Automotive sensors play a crucial role in automotive electronic control systems. Their primary function is to convert various operational status information from the vehicle, such as vehicle speed, temperatures of different media, and engine operating conditions, into electrical signals to ensure the engine maintains optimal operating conditions. The following are several common types of automotive sensors: First is the intake manifold pressure sensor, which detects changes in pressure within the intake manifold and provides a reference signal for the engine control unit to calculate fuel injection duration; second is the airflow meter, which measures the amount of air intake by the engine and provides critical reference data for the control unit to determine fuel injection timing; third is the throttle position sensor, which measures the throttle valve opening angle to provide the ECU with the basic data required for fuel cutoff control, air-fuel ratio regulation, and ignition timing correction; additionally, there is the crankshaft position sensor, which monitors the crankshaft and engine speed to help the ECU precisely control ignition timing and operating sequences; the oxygen sensor detects the oxygen content in the exhaust to ensure the fuel-air ratio remains near the theoretical optimal value; The intake air temperature sensor measures the intake air temperature, providing essential information for the ECU to calculate air density; the coolant temperature sensor monitors the coolant temperature, thereby reflecting the engine's temperature status to the ECU; finally, the knock sensor is mounted on the engine block, specifically designed to detect engine knock and adjust the ignition timing angle based on the detected signals. These sensors collectively provide critical data support for the vehicle's electronic control system, enabling the engine to maintain optimal operating conditions and thereby enhancing the vehicle's overall performance and reliability.
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